Coal or mineral coal is a black organogenic sedimentary rock, very rich in carbon and with variable amounts of other elements, mainly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. It is mainly used as fossil fuel.1 Most of the exploited coal was formed from plants that grew during the Carboniferous (359 to 299 million years ago) and Cretaceous (145 to 66 million years ago) periods, being both periods of great temporal extension and situate a large part of the favorable sedimentary media for their accumulation and conservation in intertropical latitudes.2 It is a non-renewable resource.
There are numerous varieties of coal, which can be classified according to characteristics such as:
Humidity
Percentage in non-combustible mineral matter (ash)
calorific value
Flammability, in connection with the percentage of volatile elements.
Elemental analysis is a chemical test that provides the mass fraction of each of the five elements that mainly make up all types of coal: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), sulfur ( S).
Most coal-producing countries have their own classification of coal types, however for international trade the American classification (ASTM) is the most widely used.
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