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It is a malleable metal, silvery gray in color, and has magnetic properties (it is ferromagnetic at room temperature and atmospheric pressure). It is extremely hard and dense.
It is found in nature as part of numerous minerals, including many oxides, and is rarely found free. To obtain iron in its elemental state, the oxides are reduced with carbon and then it is subjected to a refining process to eliminate the impurities present.
It is the heaviest element that is produced exothermically by fusion, and the lightest that is produced through fission, because its nucleus has the highest binding energy per nucleon (energy needed to separate a neutron or a nucleon from the nucleus). proton); therefore, the most stable nucleus is that of iron-56 (with 30 neutrons).
It presents different structural forms depending on the temperature and pressure. At atmospheric pressure:
α-iron: stable up to 911 °C. The crystal system is a body centered cubic (BCC) lattice.
Iron-γ: 911-1392 °C; presents a face centered cubic (FCC) lattice.
δ-iron: 1392-1539 °C; again presents a body-centered cubic lattice.
Iron-ε: It can be stabilized at high pressures, it has a compact hexagonal structure (HCP).
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More than 25 years of professional experience in the oil and mining sector.