Petroleum is a dense, viscous liquid, with colors tending to black or yellow (depending on its hydrocarbon concentration). Its unpleasant odor is due to its content of sulfates and nitrogen.
Light oil presents gravities above 31.1 °API.
The following types of oil are distinguished, based on their API gravity (scale created by the American Petroleum Institute), that is, their density:
Light or light crude. It has gravities greater than 31.1 °API.
Medium or medium crude. It varies from 22.3 to 31.1 °API.
Heavy oil. It presents gravities between 10 and 22.3 °API.
Extra heavy crude. It has gravities less than 10 °API.
Note that the lower the gravity, the denser the oil and the more difficult to extract. This is due to the fact that the lighter oils float in the water, being less dense than it.
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